The Compendium of Urban and Regional Development

Contents
1 Introduction
2 Genesis: gender in spatial science and planning
3 Theoretical points of reference
4 Gender mainstreaming in spatial research and planning
References

This article describes the development of approaches to genderoriented research and planning. As a category, gender opens up various avenues for spatial analysis and gives rise to a new understanding and knowledge of how space can be constituted and shaped. Brought together under the concept of gender mainstreaming, these approaches offer effective tools for spatial research and planning.

1. Understanding the concept
2. Explanatory approaches
3. Classic progression models and new forms of gentrification
4. Discussion

Gentrification describes the comprehensive process of change in a residential area in which an upgrading of the built/spatial environment (induced by the real estate sector or by socio-cultural or political factors) is accompanied by or presupposes the displacement of previous population groups by higher-status groups.

1. Concept and development
2. Regional governance
3. Governance and the social construction of spaces
4. Practical significance

Governance is an umbrella term which covers all forms of coordinating the collective and interdependent actions of stakeholders and organisations. The concept of governance draws attention to two aspects: collective action to fulfil public tasks is nowadays embedded in complex structures and takes place by combining different steering modes. Spaces and regions are social constructs in the sense that they must first be constituted by the social actions of stakeholders.

1 Groundwater
2 The importance of groundwater
3 Protecting groundwater through spatial planning
References

In the future, ensuring the availability of groundwater in an adequate quality and quantity will become increasingly
challenging. Protecting groundwater involves taking appropriate measures to ensure that aquifers are recharged and that
groundwater pollution is prevented. This entry describes how spatial planning can ensure that groundwater is protected and that any adverse effects on it are minimised or prevented. It shows that spatial planners have suitable instruments at their disposal to perform this multidisciplinary task in a preventive manner.

1. Classification and limitation
2. Perspectives
3. Three generations of guiding principles
4. Meeting the need for orientation

The term guiding principle is multifaceted. Yet it can be said that when guiding principles are spoken of, the focus is essentially on orientation and on communicating notions of development. Against this background, this article focuses on guiding principles in spatial planning [Raumordnung in German, in the sense of normative concepts for the supra-local and superordinate regulation and planning of space and its related processes and institutions – Translator’s note] with a particular look at the Federal Republic of Germany. In addition to pinning down the term and its historical development, the article addresses the so far identified three generations of guiding principles: the Spatial Planning Policy Guidelines of 1993 as well as the Guiding Principles for Spatial Development of 2006 and 2016.

1 Definition and function
2 Modern urban development and the changing orientation of guiding principles
3 Current guiding principles for urban development
4 Conclusions
References

Guiding principles for urban planning establish an overarching orientation for urban structural development, which orients the work of most urban planners over a certain time period, as well as a local authority’s coordinated set of urban development objectives.