Planning theories are a prerequisite for intentional action in planning practice and serve the profession's understanding of itself.

Systems of spatial planning and territorial governance in Europe are well established and maintained. There is a huge amount of energy expended on ‘planning’ as demonstrated by the multiple types of plans at all levels. These tools are used to pursue a common objective to steer spatial development to achieve a wide range of economic, environmental and social objectives. They increasingly engage with citizens in that task. ‘Plans’ are usually multifunctional, dealing with a combination of visionary, strategic, policy and regulation tasks.  

The final report is online.

With two final conferences, the ARL transferred the knowledge gained during the work process and disseminated the results to more than 200 participants. 

Building on the discussions of the working group "Border Futures", the volume "Border Futures - Zukunft Grenze - Avenir Frontière. Future viability of cross-border cooperation" emerged.